Digitalização, automatização e empresas transnacionais de segurança privada em áreas com capacidade estatal limitada
Resumo
O estudo do aumento de empresas militares e de segurança privada, junto com os estudos sobre práticas de vigilância eletrônica, são dois temas de Crescente debate no campo das relações internacionais. Por um lado, a privatização da segurança tem efeitos na segurança internacional e na soberania estatal. Por outro, a expansão das práticas de vigilância eletrônica é um novo risco para os direitos humanos, como a privacidade. Neste contexto, o artigo indaga sobre um tema pouco pesquisado em áreas com capacidade estatal limitada: as implicâncias do contínuo processo de digitalização e automatização na indústria da segurança privada e a vigilância eletrônica. O artigo se baseia em uma análise dos discursos das empresas transnacionais de segurança privada e vigilância eletrônica que operam na Argentina, e dos problemas associados a estas práticas. Especificamente, se detalham as consequências da digitalização e automatização, como são o aumento da dependência tecnológica, a oferta de falsas soluções tecnológicas que não resolvem os complexos problemas sociais que provocam a insegurança, a crescente susceptibilidade a falhas tecnológicas dos equipamentos de vigilância eletrônica, e sua ameaça aos direitos humanos. Finalmente, conclui-se com uma síntese dos principais pontos e recomendações de política pública para contrabalançar as assimetrias favoráveis a estas empresas transnacionais.
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