Áreas marinhas protegidas como questão de política internacional: o cenário da Comissão para a Conservação dos Recursos Vivos Marinhos Antárticos
Resumo
Em 2016, a Comissão para a Conservação dos Recursos Vivos Marinhos Antárticos (CCRVMA), criou uma área marinha protegida (AMP) no Mar de Ross. Este artigo tem como objetivo conhecer o posicionamento do Reino Unido, Estados Unidos e Nova Zelândia diante dessa decisão, no contexto dos efeitos do aquecimento global na geopolítica antártica, e as discussões em torno do estabelecimento de novas AMPs no campo da CCRVMA. Por isso, foi utilizada uma metodologia qualitativa sob uma perspectiva indutiva. Os documentos e materiais publicados pela CCRVMA e pelos três Estados foram analisados. Tudo isso foi complementado por entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com os principais atores.
O artigo conclui que o comportamento do Reino Unido, Estados Unidos e Nova Zelândia na CCRVMA, quando designaram uma AMP no Mar de Ross, precisa ser entendido no contexto do efeito político do aquecimento global na geopolítica antártica e dos debates para designar novas AMPs. Além disso, é necessário levar em conta nessa situação os interesses estratégicos desses Estados na área de atuação da CCRVMA, suas percepções sobre o debate das AMPs, o componente geopolítico de suas respectivas estratégias de conservação da biodiversidade marinha e, finalmente, os efeitos das mudanças na política internacional sobre os compromissos ambientais existentes.
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