Caracterización y procesamiento de roca fosfatada como materia prima para uso potencial como biomateriales
Resumen
El 75% de la roca fosfórica extraída se destina a la producción de ácido fosfórico, pero en el proceso de lixiviación también es posible disolver compuestos de calcio, permitiendo obtener iones de fósforo y calcio en la solución resultante. El presente trabajo se centró en la aplicación de procesos hidrometalúrgicos directamente a la roca fosfórica para la obtención de fosfatos de calcio
con potencial aplicación para fabricación de biomateriales. Luego de una caracterización fisicoquímica de 4 muestras de roca fosfórica, una muestra de roca fosfórica fue sometida a un proceso hidrometalúrgico con ácido nítrico. El lixiviado se neutralizó con hidróxido de sodio a pH entre 4.5 y 12. Una muestra del precipitado se secó a temperatura ambiente y la otra a 70°C. Con este proceso, dependiendo del pH y la relación molar Ca/P se obtuvo tres tipos de fosfatos de calcio. A través de la difracción de rayos X se identificaron que las tres fases eran fosfato octacálcico, hidroxiapatita y monetita, las cuales son reconocidas como biomateriales.
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