Desarrollo de linfomas y leucemias mediado por disbiosis intestinal derivada de la administración prolongada de antibióticos. Revisión narrativa de la literatura
Resumen
Este artículo de revisión tiene como objetivo establecer la conexión entre los cambios de la microbiota gastrointestinal inducidos por el consumo prolongado de antibióticos y su impacto en el proceso de hematopoyesis, y cómo esto conduce al desarrollo de neoplasias de línea blanca como leucemias y linfomas. Para lograr este objetivo, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en diversas bases de datos electrónicas como PubMed, Scopus, ClinicalKey y AccessMedicine, centrándose en estudios de la última década, de 2014 a 2024. Mediante el empleo de los descriptores en salud MeSH (“gastrointestinal microbiome”, “mielopoiesis”, “dysbiosis”, “anti-bacterial agents”, “leukemia”) y DeCS (“microbioma gastrointestinal”, “mielopoyesis”, “disbiosis”, “antibacterianos”, “leucemia”), se seleccionaron estudios clínicos aleatorizados controlados y revisiones de la literatura. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que la disbiosis intestinal, provocada por la administración descontrolada y prolongada de antibióticos, interfiere con procesos inmunológicos críticos, que inducen a alteraciones en la hematopoyesis y predisponen al desarrollo de malignidades hematológicas. Se concluye que existe una relación significativa entre la perturbación de la microbiota gastrointestinal y la incidencia de trastornos oncólogo-hematológicos, subrayando la necesidad de moderar el uso de agentes antibacterianos para mitigar estos efectos adversos
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