Fatores relacionados à prevalência de retinopatia diabética
Resumo
A diabetes é uma doença de alto custo para a saúde, que diminui a qualidade de vida de quem a possui e, cujas complicações, como a retinopatia diabética proliferativa, se tornam uma das principais causas de perda de visão no mundo (1). Objetivo: explorar as características sociodemográficas, epidemiológicas e clínicas da população com diabetes e a prevalência da retinopatia
diabética. Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo, transversal analítico, com consulta de fontes 91 secundárias de informação. A população de referência incluiu pacientes do Vale de Aburrá e do sudoeste
de Antioquia diagnosticados com diabetes, vinculados ao programa “Não mais cegos por cauda da diabetes” em 2018. A variável dependente foi a retinopatia diabética. A confiança das análises estatísticas foi de 95%. Calculou-se a taxa de incidência para medir a associação, com intervalo de confiança de 95%, e uma regressão logística múltipla foi utilizada para explorar as variáveis que
contribuíram para explicar a retinopatia diabética. Resultados: participaram 564 pacientes, e as maiores incidências foram observadas em pessoas de 60 a 79 anos (61,1%). A retinopatia diabética proliferativa esteve presente em 2,3% (13) dos pacientes. Homens apresentaram uma prevalência 1,14 vez maior da doença (rpa = 2,41; ic: 1,30-4,47) do que mulheres. A retinopatia foi 53,16 vezes mais frequente em pacientes com edema macular (rpa = 54,16; ic: 18,85-174,07) e 6,0 vezes maior
naqueles com glaucoma (rpa = 7,00; ic: 1,29-37,97). O uso de hipoglicemiantes esteve associado a uma prevalência 68% menor da retinopatia diabética (rpa = 0,32; IC: 0,12-0,82). Conclusões: a identificação precoce e o uso de hipoglicemiantes podem reduzir a incidência da retinopatia proliferativa e, consequentemente, diminuir sua progressão para cegueira.
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