Usos da cânula nasal de alto fluxo para pacientes com COVID-19. Como funciona e quais suas indicações? É segura nos pacientes com insuficiência respiratória aguda hipoxêmica?
Resumo
A pandemia pelo coronavírus tipo 2, SARS-COV-2, põe em xeque o sistema sanitário mundial tendo em vista sua alta taxa de contágio. Além disso, tem feito colapsar todos os sistemas de saúde e evidenciado a escassez de recursos como os elementos de proteção e a quantidade insuficiente de ventiladores para o número de pacientes com insuficiência respiratória aguda hipoxêmica. Por essas razões, recorre-se a diferentes opções, uma delas a cânula de alto fluxo, que permite administrar oxigênio a alto fluxo aos pacientes com hipoxemia severa. Durante a pandemia pela COVID-19, muitas dúvidas são geradas sobre esse dispositivo, como todos os dispositivos que permitem o manejo do oxigênio, produz grande dispersão de aerossóis e a possibilidade de contágio da equipe de saúde, o que tem levado a desestimar seu uso e a utilizar de maneira quase exclusiva a cânula nasal convencional e a ventilação mecânica em sujeitos infectados. Assim, neste trabalho, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura que coleta os mecanismos de ação, sua segurança para a equipe de saúde e as indicações do uso da cânula nasal de alto fluxo nos pacientes com COVID-19, bem como suas vantagens; entre elas, ser dispositivo que dispensa ventiladores mecânicos, o que pode ser muito útil no manejo dos pacientes caso haja um pico epidêmico na Colômbia.
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Referências
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