Factors related to the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy
Abstract
Diabetes is a high-cost health condition that decreases the quality of life of those affected, and its complications, such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy, have become one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide (1). Objective: To explore the sociodemographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics of the population with diabetes and the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, analytical study, utilizing secondary data sources. The reference population consisted of patients from the Valle de Aburrá and
southwestern Antioquia diagnosed with diabetes, who were part of the program “No more blindness due to diabetes” in 2018. Diabetic retinopathy was the dependent variable. The statistical tests had a 95% confidence level. Additionally, the incidence rate was calculated to measure associations, with a 95% confidence interval, and multiple logistic regression was used to explore variables contributing to the explanation of diabetic retinopathy. Results: A total of 564 patients participated. The highest incidences were observed in individuals aged 60 to 79 years (61.1%). Proliferative diabetic retinopathy was present in 2.3% (13) of them. Men had a 1.14 times higher prevalence of the disease (pr = 2.41, 95% ci: 1.30; 4.47) compared to women. Diabetic retinopathy was 53.16 times more prevalent in those
with macular edema (0 = 54.16, 95% ci: 18.85; 174.07) and 6.0 times higher in those with glaucoma (pr = 7.00, 9 5% ci: 1.29; 37.97). The use of hypoglycemic agents was associated with a 68% lower prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (pr = 0.32, 95% ci: 0.12; 0.82). Conclusions: Early identification and management with hypoglycemic agents could reduce the incidence of proliferative retinopathy and, therefore, decrease its progression to blindness.
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