Cardiovascular risk in people with primary biliary cholangitis: a literature review
Abstract
Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC ) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease influenced by genetic factors and environmental triggers such as geographic location, smoking, microorganisms, xenobiotics. This study aims to elucidate the risk factors associated with PBC and its impact on cardiovascular risk. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across databases including original research, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case-control studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, utilizing relevant keywords. Evidence suggests a correlation between PBC related alterations in the lipid profile, increased oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction; however, studies attempting to determine the effect of hypercholesterolemia on the increase in Cardio Vascular Risk (CVR ) in patients with PBC have yield contradictory results. Hepatic steatosis is associated with an elevated risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CV D) and is common in chronic liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis B and C, as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PBC can manifest extrahepatically, with
pulmonary conditions such as interstitial lung disease and pulmonary hypertension being among the most prevalent. This article explores the relationship between PBC and its primary risk factors, as well as the development of both hepatic and extrahepatic conditions contributing cardiovascular risk.
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