Anti-nmda receptor encephalitis. Case Report and Literature Review
Abstract
Anti-nmda receptor encephalitis is a severe, treatable, and potentially reversible disorder characterized by the presence of behavioral disturbances, seizures, and movement disorders. The presence of antibodies against the glutamate receptor (anti-nmda) in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid is specific to the diagnosis of the disease. Early recognition of the disease is vital for the patient’s prognosis since early management facilitates recovery and reduction of morbidity and mortality. Treatment consists of corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, or plasmapheresis as the first line of therapy, in addition to other immunomodulators, such as cyclophosphamide or rituximab, as the second line. Recovery is slow but improves as antibody titers decrease. Complete recovery occurs in up to 75 % of patients.
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