Unveiling the relationship: sacroiliac joint dysfunction as an overlooked factor in lumbar back pain

Resumen

Introduction: The Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) serves as a crucial connection between the sacrum and ilium, playing a vital role in transferring forces during physical activity. Its biomechanical function is essential for stability, supported by ligaments and pelvic floor muscles. However, SIJ dysfunction can contribute to lower back pain, a condition affecting 70-85 % of Western society. Causes: SIJ dysfunction can stem from various factors, including abnormal motion or malalignment, triggered by arthritis, trauma, or atypical gait patterns. Diagnosis: Diagnosis SIJ dysfunction involves physical examinations such as FABER, compression, distraction, thigh thrust, and Gaenslen tests. Typically, three positive provocative test results are required for diagnosis, supplemented by imaging techniques like X-rays, MRIs, and joint injections. Misdiagnosis: Despite the availability of diagnostic methods, SIJ dysfunction is frequently misdiagnosed due to symptoms overlap with other conditions and overlooked etiology. Treatment: Upon diagnosis, SIJ dysfunction can be managed with conservative measures like physical therapy and NSAIDs, or more invasive interventions such as surgery. Conclusion: SIJ dysfunction is a prevalent yet often misdiagnosed condition, emphasizing the importance of raising awareness among both the public and clinicians to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.