Desafios da transição energética sustentável
perspectivas para a pesquisa e gestão
Resumo
O conceito de transição energética está presente na agenda política global como um processo indispensável no desenvolvimento sustentável dos países. Neste contexto, o artigo documenta o desenvolvimento da pesquisa no domínio do conhecimento da transição energética sustentável como um pilar da agenda geopolítica global e reflete sobre os desafios que este fenômeno implica a partir de perspectivas de pesquisa, geopolíticas e geoeconômicas. A metodologia utilizada envolve revisão de literatura combinada com análise bibliométrica e técnicas de análise de conteúdo de documentos de pesquisa recuperados na base de dados Web of Science e em setores específicos. Os achados mais representativos indicam o seguinte: em primeiro lugar, o Acordo de Paris impulsionou a pesquisa relacionada ao desenvolvimento sustentável, à transição e à segurança energética em termos técnicos, culturais, sociais, políticos e econômicos; em segundo lugar, em termos geopolíticos, o processo de transição energética desempenha um papel decisivo no xadrez político global, no qual os países avaliam suas forças em relação à continuidade do fornecimento de energia para seus cidadãos; e em terceiro lugar, em termos geoeconômicos, os países exportadores de carvão e petróleo estão ajustando os gastos públicos a orçamentos funcionais em um contexto de energias renováveis. Os autores concluem que uma transição gradual e o equilíbrio da matriz energética são fundamentais para reduzir as emissões de gases de efeito estufa que causam o aquecimento global e garantir a sustentabilidade energética sem afetar drasticamente a economia das nações.
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