Investimento estrangeiro direto e crescimento econômico na Colômbia
Resumo
Este artigo pretende analisar empiricamente a relação entre o investimento estrangeiro direto (IED) e o
crescimento econômico para o caso colombiano, utilizando dados de séries de tempo observados durante o período 2000 e 2019. Para isso, é realizada uma análise de cointegração e é estimado um modelo vetorial de correção de erros (VEC, na sigla inglesa), no qual é incluída a formação bruta de capital como variável adicional de controle. Além disso, são realizados testes de causalidade entre as variáveis e são estimadas funções de impulso-resposta com o objetivo de determinar como responde uma variável ante mudanças em outras variáveis. Os resultados mostram que o investimento estrangeiro e o crescimento econômico são muito importantes para atrair maiores fluxos de investimento. Contudo, o investimento estrangeiro tem um efeito moderado sobre o crescimento econômico. Além disso, existe uma relação de causalidade unidirecional que vai do crescimento econômico ao investimento estrangeiro, isto é, o aumento dos fluxos de investimento estrangeiro não é traduzido necessariamente em maior crescimento econômico. Esses resultados, de uma ou de outra forma, contradizem a opinião amplamente aceita de que um aumento do IED pode ser importante para melhorar o crescimento econômico, o que reforça a ideia de que o sucesso do IED nos países depende das condições indiciais de cada economia.
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