Exploring the Connection Between Socio-Emotional Wealth and Familiarity
an Integrative Conceptual Framework
Abstract
The present work starts exploring in the literature the predominant approaches used to address the influence of the family in the business, with the aim of proposing a possible correspondence between two aspects that are presented as exclusive to family businesses and that contribute to explain a Distinctive behavior vis-à-vis non-family members: socio-emotional wealth and familiarity -socioemotional wealth and family-ness, by its meaning in English. In this sense, and when recognizing that it is a particular vision that intends to reflect and contribute to the knowledge of these organizations and, at the same time, complement other visions, both perspectives are reviewed from the theory to conclude, finally, that the family or non-financial objectives that make up the emotional stock are those that give rise to and shape the distinctive resources of the family-owned company.
Downloads
References
Arregle, J.-L., Hitt, M. A., Sirmon, D. G. y Very, P. (2007). The development of organizational social capital: attributes of family firms. Journal of Management Studies, 44(1), 72-95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00665.x
Astrachan, J. H., Klein, S. B. y Smyrnios, K. X. (2002). The f-pec scale of family influence: a proposal for solving the family business definition problem. Family Business Review, 15(1), 45-58. https://doi.org/dtdqnm
Barros Contreras, I., Hernangómez Barahona, J. J y Martín-Cruz, N. (2017). Familiness and socioemotional wealth in Spanish family firms: an empirical examination. European Journal of Family Business, 7(1-2), 14-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejfb.2017.06.004
Barroso Martínez, A., Sanguino Galván, R., Seaman, C. y Bañegil Palacios, T. M. (2019). Factors contributing to familiarity degree in family firms. International Journal of Innovation and Business Research (ijibr), 18(4), 503-527. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIR.2019.098768
Basco, R. (2013). The family’s effect on family firm performance: a model testing the demographic and essence approaches. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 4(1), 42-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2012.12.003
Basco, R. (2017). “Where do you want to take your family firm?”. A theoretical and empirical exploratory study of family business goals. Business Research Quarterly (brq), 20(1), 28-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2016.07.001
Berrone, P., Cruz, C. y Gómez-Mejía, L. R. (2012). Socioemotional wealth in family firms: theoretical dimensions, assessment approaches, and agenda for future research. Family Business Review, 25(3), 258-279. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511435355
Berrone, P., Cruz, C., Gómez-Mejía, L. R. y Larraza-Kintana, M. (2010). Socioemotional wealth and corporate responses to institutional pressures: do family-controlled firms pollute less? Administrative Science Quarterly, 55(1), 82-113. https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.2010.55.1.82
Björnberg, A. y Nicholson, N. (2012). Emotional ownership: the next generation’s relationship with the family firm. Family Business Review, 25(4), 374-390. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511432471
Boyd, B. K. y Solarino, A. M. (2016). Ownership of corporations: a review, synthesis, and research agenda. Journal of Management, 42(5), 1282-1314. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316633746
Cabrera-Suárez, M. K. (2012). La influencia de la familia en la empresa familiar: objetivos socioemocionales, stewardship y familiness. European Journal of Family Business, 2(2), 93-96. https://doi.org/10.24310/ejfbejfb.v2i2.4031
Cabrera-Suárez, M. K., Déniz-Déniz, M. L. C. y Martín-Santana, J. D. (2014). The setting of non-financial goals in the family firm: the influence of family climate and identification. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5(3), 289-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2014.05.003
Cabrera-Suárez, M. K., Déniz-Déniz, M. L. C. y Martín-Santana, J. D. (2020). Empresa familiar: la importancia del clima familiar y la identificación de la familia con su empresa. Emprendimiento y Negocios Internacionales, 5(1), 8-12. https://doi.org/10.20420/eni.2020.326
Carnes, C. M. y Ireland, R. D. (2013). Familiness and innovation: resource bundling as the missing link. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(6), 1399-1419. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12073
Chrisman, J. J. y Patel, P. C. (2012). Variations in R&D investments of family and nonfamily firms: behavioral agency and myopic loss aversion perspectives. Academy of Management Journal, 55(4), 976. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0211
Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H. y Litz, R. A. (2004). Comparing the agency costs of family and non-family firms: conceptual issues and exploratory evidence. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(4), 335-354. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2004.00049.x
Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H. y Sharma, P. (2005). Trends and directions in the development of a strategic management theory of the family firm. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(5), 555- 576. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00098.x
Chrisman, J. J., Sharma, P., Steier, L. P. y Chua, J. H. (2013). The influence of family goals, governance, and resources on firm outcomes. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(6), 1249-1261. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12064
Chua, J. H., Chrisman, J. J. y Sharma, P. (1999). Defining the family business by behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23(4), 19-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879902300402
Cruz, C., Larraza-Kintana, M., Garcés-Galdeano, L. y Berrone, P. (2014). Are family really more socially responsible? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(6), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12125
Danes, S. M., Stafford, K., Haynes, G. y Amarapurkar, S. S. (2009). Family capital of family firms: bridging human, social, and financial capital. Family Business Review, 22(3), 199-216. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486509333424
Deephouse, D. L. y Jaskiewicz, P. (2013). Do family firms have better reputations than nonfamily firms? An integration of socioemotional wealth and social identity theories. Journal of Management Studies, 50(3), 337-360. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12015
DeTienne, D. R. y Chirico, F. (2013). Exit strategies in family firms: how socioemotional wealth drives the threshold of performance. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(6), 1297-1318. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12067
Ding, S., Qu, B. y Wu, Z. (2016). Family control, socioemotional wealth, and governance environment: the case of bribes. Journal of Business Ethics, (136), 639-654. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2538-z
Eddleston, K. A. y Kellermanns, F. W. (2007). Destructive and productive family relationships: a stewardship theory perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(4), 545-565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2006.06.004
Frank, H., Kessler, A., Rusch, T., Suess-Reyes, J. y Weismeier-Sammer, D. (2017). Capturing the familiness of family businesses: development of the family influence familiness scale (fifs). Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(5), 709-742. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12229
Frank, H., Lueger, M., Nosé, L. y Suchy, D. (2010). The concept of “familiness”. Literature review and systems theory-based reflections. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 1(3), 119-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2010.08.001
Gavana, G., Gottardo, P. y Moisello, A. M. (2017). The effect of equity and bond issues on sustainability disclosure. Familys non-family italian firms. Social Responsibility Journal, 13(1), 126-142. https://doi.org/gd4h
Gimeno, A., Baulenas, G. y Coma-Cros, J. (2009). La Comisión Europea descubre a empresa familiar. https://bit.ly/3wxiADf
Gómez-Mejía, L. R., Cruz, C., Berrone, P. y De Castro, J. (2011). The bind that ties: socioemotional wealth preservation in family firms. Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 653-707. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2011.593320
Gómez-Mejía, L. R., Haynes, K. T., Núñez-Nickel, M., Jacobson, K. J. y Moyano-Fuentes, J. (2007). Socioemotional wealth and business risks in family-controlled firms: evidence from Spanish olive oil mills. Administrative Science Quarterly, 52(1), 106-137. https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.52.1.106
Gómez-Mejía, L. R., Makri, M. y Lazarra Quintana, M. (2010). Diversification decisions in family-controlled firms. Journal of Management Studies, 47(2), 223-252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00889.x
Gómez-Mejía, L. R., Núñez-Nickel, M. y Gutiérrez, I. (2001). The role of family ties in agency contracts. Academy of Management Journal, 44(1), 81-95. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3069338?seq=1
Gottardo, P. y Moisello, A. M. (2014). The capital structure choices of family firms. Managerial Finance, 40(3), 254-275. https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-03-2013-0065
Habbershon, T. G. y Williams, M. L. (1999). A resource-based framework for assessing the strategic advantages of family firms. Family Business Review, 12(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1999.00001.x
Hernández-Trasobares, A. y Galve-Górriz, C. (2015). Does concentration of ownership and family control affect specialization/ diversification business strategies? E+M Ekonomie a Management, 18(4), 78-92. https://doi.org/ghnk67
Irava, W. J. y Moores, K. (2010). Clarifying the strategic advantage of familiarity: disaggregating its dimensions and highlighting its paradoxes. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 1(3), 131-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2010.08.002
Jensen, M. C. y Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: managerial behaviour, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
Kellermanns, F. W., Eddleston, K. A., Sarathy, R. y Murphy, F. (2012). Innovativeness in family firms: a family influence perspective. Small Business Economics, 38(1), 85-101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-010-9268-5
Klein, S. B., Astrachan, J. H. y Symrnios, K. X. (2005). The f-pec scale of family influence: construction, validation and further implication for theory. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(3), 321-337. https://doi.org/fg5gmd
Kotlar, J. y De Massis, A. (2013). Goal setting in family firms: goal diversity, social interactions, and collective commitment to family-centered goals. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(6), 1263-1288. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12065
Kotlar, J., De Massis, A., Fang, H. y Frattini, F. (2014). Strategic reference points in family firms. Small Business Economics, (43), 597-619. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-014-9556-6
Kraiczy, N. D., Hack, A. y Kellermanns, F. W. (2015). What makes a family firm innovative? ceo risk-taking propensity and the organizational context of family firms. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(3), 334-348. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12203
Lazzarotti, V., Minelli, E. A. y Morelli, C. (2020). Socio-emotional wealth and successful generational transition in the family business: the role of contextual factors. International Journal of Transitions and Innovation Systems (ijti), 6(3), 245-264. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIS.2020.107460
Le Breton-Miller, I. y Miller, D. (2013). Socioemotional wealth across the family firm life cycle: a commentary on “family business survival and the role of boards”. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(6), 1391-1397. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12072
Li, Z. y Daspit, J. J. (2016). Understanding family firm innovation heterogeneity: a typology of family governance and socioemotional wealth intentions. Journal of Family Business Management, 6(2), 103-121. https://doi.org/gd88q7
Martínez-Romero M. J. y Rojo-Ramírez, A. A. (2016). sew: looking for a definition and controversial issues. European Journal of Family Business, 6(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejfb.2015.09.001
Memili, E., Fang, H. C. y Welsh, D. H. B. (2015). Value creation and value appropriation in innovation process in publicly-traded family firms. Management Decision, 53(9), 1921-1952. https://doi.org/f74f73
Miller, D. y Le Breton-Miller, I. (2014). Deconstructing socioemotional wealth. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(4), 713-720. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12111
Miller, D., Le Breton-Miller, I. y Lester, R. H. (2010). Family ownership and acquisition behavior in publicly-traded companies. Strategic Management Journal, 31(2), 201-223. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.802
Minichilli, A., Brogi, M. y Calabro, A. (2016). Weathering the storm: family ownership, governance, and performance through the financial and economic crisis. Corporate Governance. An International Review, 24(6), 552-568. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12125
Morgan, T. J. y Gómez-Mejía, L. R. (2014). Hooked on a feeling: the affective component of socioemotional wealth in family firms. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5(3), 280-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2014.07.001
Ortiz García, P., Olaz Capitán, Á. y Monreal Martínez, J. (2014). Family and cultural capital. The perspective of familiness. European Journal of Family Business, 4(2), 47-59. https://doi.org/10.24310/ejfbejfb.v4i2.5051
Pearson, A. W., Carr, J. C. y Shaw, J. C. (2008). Toward a theory of familiness: a social capital perspective. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32(6), 949- 969. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2008.00265.x
Pukall, T. J. y Calabró, A. (2014). The internationalization of family firms: a critical review and integrative model. Family Business Review, 27(2), 323-332. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486513491423
Ravasi, D. y Schultz, M. (2006). Responding to organizational identity threats: exploring the role of organizational culture. Academy of Management Journal, 49(3), 433- 458. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2006.21794663
Ravasi, D., Tripsas, M. y Langley, A. (2020). Exploring the strategy-identity nexus. Strategic Organization, 18(1), 5-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127019900022
Razzak, M. R., Mustamil, N. y Abu Bakar, R. (2020). Research gaps in family owned businesses: a conceptual link between socio-emotional wealth, family commitment and firm performance. International Journal Business Excellence (ijbe), 20(2), 205-222. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBEX.2020.105345
Robic, P., Barbelivien, D. y Antheaume, N. (2015). Comment cultivar une ressource? Outils de gestion et culture du familiness. Management y Avenir, 79(5), 105- 124. https://doi.org/10.3917/mav.079.0105
Schepers, J., Voordeckers, W., Steijvers, T. y Laveren, E. (2014). The entrepreneurial orientation-performance relationship in private family firms: the moderating role of socioemotional wealth. Small Business Economics, (43), 39-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-013-9533-5
Scholes, L., Mustafa, M. y Chen, S. (2016). Internationalization of small family firms: the influence of family from a socioemotional wealth perspective. Thunderbird International Business Review, 58(2), 131-146. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21729
Schulze, W. S., Lubatkin, M. H., Dino, R. N. y Buchholtz, A. K. (2001). Agency relationships in family firms. Theory and evidence. Organization Science, 12(2), 99-246. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.12.2.99.10114
Sciascia, S., Mazzola, P. y Kellermanns F. W. (2014). Family management and profitability in private family-owned firms: Introducing generational stage and the socioemotional wealth perspective. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5(2), 131-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2014.03.001
Sharma, P. (2008). Commentary: Familiness: capital stocks and flows between family and business. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32(6), 971-977. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2008.00266.x
Sharma, P., Salvato, C. y Reay, T. (2014). Temporal dimensions of family enterprise. Family Business Review, 27(1), 10-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486513516058
Sirmon, D. G. y Hitt, M. A. (2003). Managing resources: linking unique resources, management, and wealth creation in family firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27(4), 339-358. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.t01-1-00013
Songini, L. y Gnan, L. (2015). Family involvement and agency cost control mechanisms in family small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(3), 748-779. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12085
Tsai, W.-H., Kuo, Y.-C. y Hung, J.-H. (2009). Corporate diversification and ceo turnover in family businesses: self-entrenchment or risk reduction? Small Business Economics, (32), 57-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-007-9073-y
Vardaman, J. M. y Gondo, M. B. (2014). Socioemotional wealth conflict in family firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(6), 1317-1322. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12126
Ward, J. L. (1997). Growing the family business: special challenges and best practices. Family Business Review, 10(4), 323-337. https://doi.org/fjxpw9
Weismeier-Sammer, D., Frank, H. y von Schlippe, A. (2013). Untangling ‘familiness’ a literature review and directions for future research. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation (ijei), 14(3), 165-177. https://doi.org/10.5367/ijei.2013.0119
Zellweger, T. M. (2007). Time horizon, costs of equity capital and generic investment strategies of firms. Family Business Review, 20(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2007.00080.x
Zellweger, T. M., Eddleston, K. A. y Kellermanns, F. W. (2010). Exploring the concept of familiness: introducing family firm identity. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 1(1), 54-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2009.12.003
Zellweger, T. M., Kellermanns, F. W., Eddleston, K. A. y Memili, E. (2012a). Building a family firm image: how family firms capitalize on their family ties. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 3(4), 239-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2012.10.001
Zellweger, T. M., Nason, R. S. y Nordqvist, M. (2012b). From longevity of firms to transgenerational entrepreneurship of families: introducing family entrepreneurial orientation. Family Business Review, 25(2), 136-155. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511423531
Zellweger, T. M., Nason, R. S., Nordqvist, M. y Brusch, C. G. (2013). Why do family businesses strive to achieve non-financial goals? An organizational identity perspective. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(2), 229-248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00466.x