Influence of ownership structure and family management on positioning in mergers and acquisitions
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of the ownership structure and family management on positioning in mergers and acquisitions of companies listed on the BM & FBovespa market. For this purpose a descriptive research with quantitative approach, through documentary analysis in a sample of 338 companies positioned in mergers and acquisitions in the period 2007 to 2012 was performed. The results show that companies with a structure of family ownership involved in mergers and acquisitions tend to take an active position as buyers. Moreover, the family management influences in the position as acquiring company in such operations. It is concluded that families are investors who value the stock control, adopt management policies guided by risk aversion and the search for better return and therefore position themselves as buyers in mergers and acquisitions.Downloads
References
Andres, C. (2008). Large shareholders and firm performance: an empirical examination of founding-family ownership. Journal of Corporate Finance, 14(4), 431-445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2008.05.003
Anderson, R. & Reeb, D. (2003a). Founding-family ownership and firm performance: evidence from the S&P 500. The Journal of Finance, 58(3), 1301-1328. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6261.00567
Anderson, R. & Reeb, D. (2003b). Founding‐family ownership, corporate diversification, and firm leverage. Journal of Law and Economics, 46(2), 653-684. https://doi.org/10.1086/377115
Anderson, R., Duru, A. & Reeb, D. (2012). Investment policy in family controlled firms. Journal of Banking & Finance, 36(6), 1744-1758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.01.018
André, P., Ben-Amar, W. & Saadi, S. (2012). Family firms and high technology mergers & acquisitions. Journal Management & Governance, 17(59), 1997-2013.
Basu, N., Dimitrova, L. & Paeglis, I. (2009). Family control and dilution in mergers. Journal of Banking & Finance, 33(5), 829-841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2008.09.017
Bianco, M., Bontempi, M., Golinelli, R. & Parigi, G. (2013). Family firms' investments, uncertainty and opacity. Small Business Economics, 40(4), 1035-1058. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-012-9414-3
Bjursell, C. (2011). Cultural divergence in merging family businesses. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 2(2), 69-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2011.03.004
Block, J., Jaskiewicz, P. & Miller, D. (2011). Ownership versus management effects on performance in family and founder companies: a bayesian reconciliation. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 2(4), 232-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2011.10.001
Bouzgarrou, H. & Navatte, P. (2013). Ownership structure and acquirers performance: Family vs. non-family firms. International Review of Financial Analysis, 27(2), 123-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2013.01.002
Cai, D., Luo, J-H. & Wan, D-F. (2012). Family CEOs: Do they benefit firm performance in China? Asia Pacific Journal Management, 29(4), 923-947. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-012-9318-4
Caprio, L., Croci, E. & Del Giudice, A. (2011). Ownership structure, family control, and acquisition decisions. Journal of Corporate Finance, 17(5), 1636-1657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2011.09.008
Chi, J., Sun, Q. & Young, M. (2011). Performance and characteristics of acquiring firms in the Chinese stock markets. Emerging Markets Review, 12(2), 152-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2010.12.003
Claessens, S., Djankov, S. & Lang, L. (2000). The separation of ownership and control in East Asian corporations. Journal of Financial Economics, 58(1-2), 81-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(00)00067-2
Corrar, L., Paulo, E. & Dias Filho, J. (2007). Análise multivariada para os cursos de Administração, Ciências Contábeis e Economia. Selo Editorial: Atlas
Faccio, M. & Lang, L. (2002). The ultimate ownership of Western European corporations. Journal of Financial Economics, 65(3), 365-395. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(02)00146-0
Faccio, M., Marchica, M. & Mura, R. (2011). Large shareholder diversification and corporate risk-taking. Review of Financial Studies, 24(11), 3601-3641. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhr065
Feito, I. & Menéndez, S. (2010). Family firm mergers and acquisitions in different legal environments. Family Business Review, 23(1), 60-75. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486509353419
Ferreira, M., Santos, J., Almeida, M. & Reis, N. (2014). Mergers & acquisitions research: a bibliometric study of top strategy and international business journals, 1980–2010. Journal of Business Research, 67(12), 2550-2558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.03.015
Gallo, M., Tàpies, J. & Cappuyns, K. (2004). Comparison of family and nonfamily business: Financial logic and personal preferences. Family Business Review, 17(4), 303-318. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2004.00020.x
Gleason, K., Pennathur, A. & Wiggenhorn, J. (2014). Acquisitions of family owned firms: boon or bust? Journal of Economics and Finance, 38(2), 269-286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12197-011-9215-6
Gómez, L., Nunez, M. & Gutierrez, I. (2001). The role of family ties in agency contracts. Academy of Management Journal, 44(1), 81-95. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069338
Gómez, L., Makri, M. & Kintana, M. (2010). Diversification Decisions in Family‐Controlled Firms. Journal of Management Studies, 47(2), 223-252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00889.x
Gómez, L., Cruz, C., Berrone, P. & Castro, J. (2011). The bind that ties: Socioemotional wealth preservation in family firms. Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 653-707. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520.2011.593320
Gonenc, H., Hermes, N. & Van Sinderen, E. (2013). Bidders' gains and family control of private target firms. International Business Review, 22(5), 856-867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2013.01.005
Granata, D. & Chirico, F. (2010). Measures of value in acquisitions: family versus nonfamily firms. Family Business Review, 23(4), 341-354. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486510386367
Grossman, S. & Hart, O. (1986). The costs and benefits of ownership: A theory of vertical and lateral integration. Journal of Political Economy, 94(4): 691-719. https://doi.org/10.1086/261404
Gugler, K., Ivanova, N. & Zechner, J. (2014). Ownership and control in Central and Eastern Europe. Journal of Corporate Finance, 26(1), 145-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2014.03.001
Hair Jr, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R. & Black, W. (2005). Análise multivariada de dados (5. ed.). Porto Alegre: Bookman.
Harding, D. & Rovit, S. (2005). Garantindo o sucesso em fusões e aquisições: quatro decisões-chave para a sua próxima negociação. Rio de Janeiro: Campus.
Hiebl, M. (2012). Peculiarities of financial management in family firms. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 11(3), 315-322. https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i3.6864
Holmen, M. & Nivorozhkin, E. (2007). The impact of family ownership and dual class shares on takeover risk. Applied Financial Economics, 17(10), 785-804. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603100500461694
Huybrechts, J., Voordeckers, W. & Lybaert, N. (2012). Entrepreneurial risk taking of private family firms: The influence of a nonfamily CEO and the moderating effect of CEO tenure. Family Business Review, 26(2), 161-179. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486512469252
Jiang, Y. & Peng, M. W. (2011). Are family ownership and control in large firms good, bad, or irrelevant? Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 28(1), 15-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-010-9228-2
La Porta, R., Lopez-De-Silanes, F. & Shleifer, A. (1999). Corporate ownership around the world. Journal of Finance, 54(2), 471-517. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00115
Lemes Jr, A., Rigo, C. & Cherobim, A. (2002). Administração financeira: princípios fundamentos e práticas brasileiras (5. ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier.
Leung, S., Richardson, G. & Jaggi, B. (2014). Corporate board and board committee independence, firm performance, and family ownership concentration: an analysis based on Hong Kong firms. Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 10(1), 16-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2013.11.002
McConaughy, D. (2000). Family CEOs vs. Nonfamily CEOs in the family‐controlled firm: an examination of the level and sensitivity of pay to performance. Family Business Review, 13(2), 121-131. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2000.00121.x
McConaughy, D., Matthews, C. & Fialko, A. (2001). Founding family controlled firms: performance, risk and value. Journal of Small Business Management, 39(1), 31-49. https://doi.org/10.1111/0447-2778.00004
Mickelson, R. & Worley, C. (2003). Acquiring a family firm: A case study. Family Business Review, 16(4), 251-268.
Miller, D., Le Breton-Miller, I., Lester, R. & Cannella Jr., A. (2007). Are family firms really superior performers? Journal of Corporate Finance, 13(5), 829-858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2007.03.004
Miller, D., Le Breton-Miller, I. & Lester, R. (2010). Family ownership and acquisition behavior in publicly‐traded companies. Strategic Management Journal, 31(2), 201-223.
Mishra, C. & McConaughy, D. (1999). Founding family control and capital structure: The risk of loss of control and the aversion to debt. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice (Summer), 53-64.
Schmid, T. (2013). Control considerations, creditor monitoring, and the capital structure of family firms. Journal of Banking & Finance, 37(2), 257-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.08.026
Shim, J. & Okamuro, H. (2011). Does ownership matter in mergers? A comparative study of the causes and consequences of mergers by family and non-family firms. Journal of Banking and Finance, 35(1), 193-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2010.07.027
Steijvers, T. & Voordeckers, W. (2009). Collateral and credit rationing: a review of recent empirical studies as a guide for future research. Journal of Economic Surveys, 23(5): 924–946. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2009.00587.x
Su, W. & Lee, C-Y. (2013). Effects of corporate governance on risk taking in Taiwanese family firms during institutional reform. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 30(3), 809-828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-012-9292-x
Tsai, W., Kuo, Y. & Hung, J. (2009). Corporate diversification and CEO turnover in family business: self-entrenchment or risk reduction. Small Business Economics, 32(1), 57-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-007-9073-y
Villalonga, B. & Amit, R. (2006). How do family ownership, control and management affect firm value? Journal of Financial Economics, 80(2), 385-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2004.12.005
Yoo, K., Lee, Y. & Heo, E. (2013). Economic effects by merger and acquisition types in the renewable energy sector: An event study approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 26(10), 694-701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.06.002